Endocrinology and Metabolism

Original Articles

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Big Data Articles (National Health Insurance Service Database)
Association between the Diabetes Drug Cost and Cardiovascular Events and Death in Korea: A National Health Insurance Service Database Analysis: Seung Min Chung, Ji-In Lee, Eugene Han, Hyun-Ae Seo, Eonju Jeon, Hye Soon Kim, Ji Sung Yoon; Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(5):759-769. Published online October 5, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1515

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Background
This study aimed to investigate the long-term effects of diabetes drug costs on cardiovascular (CV) events and death.
Methods
This retrospective observational study used data from 2009 to 2018 from the National Health Insurance in Korea. Among the patients with type 2 diabetes, those taking antidiabetic drugs and who did not have CV events until 2009 were included. Patients were divided into quartiles (Q1 [lowest]–4 [highest]) according to the 2009 diabetes drug cost. In addition, the 10-year incidences of CV events (non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for heart failure, and coronary revascularization) and CV death (death due to CV events) were analyzed.
Results
A total of 441,914 participants were enrolled (median age, 60 years; men, 57%). CV events and death occurred in 28.1% and 8.36% of the patients, respectively. The 10-year incidences of CV events and deaths increased from Q1 to 4. After adjusting for sex, age, income, type of diabetes drugs, comorbidities, and smoking and drinking status, the risk of CV events significantly increased according to the sequential order of the cost quartiles. In contrast, the risk of CV death showed a U-shaped pattern, which was the lowest in Q3 (hazard ratio [HR], 0.953; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.913 to 0.995) and the highest in Q4 (HR, 1.266; 95% CI, 1.213 to 1.321).
Conclusion
Diabetes drug expenditure affects 10-year CV events and mortality. Therefore, affording an appropriate diabetes drug cost at a similar risk of CV is an independent protective factor against CV death.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Impact of mental disorders on the risk of heart failure among Korean patients with diabetes: a cohort study
Tae Kyung Yoo, Kyung-Do Han, Eun-Jung Rhee, Won-Young Lee
Cardiovascular Diabetology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Thyroid
A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial for Assessing the Usefulness of Suppressing Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Target Levels after Thyroid Lobectomy in Low to Intermediate Risk Thyroid Cancer Patients (MASTER): A Study Protocol: Eun Kyung Lee, Yea Eun Kang, Young Joo Park, Bon Seok Koo, Ki-Wook Chung, Eu Jeong Ku, Ho-Ryun Won, Won Sang Yoo, Eonju Jeon, Se Hyun Paek, Yong Sang Lee, Dong Mee Lim, Yong Joon Suh, Ha Kyoung Park, Hyo-Jeong Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Mijin Kim, Sun Wook Kim, Ka Hee Yi, Sue K. Park, Eun-Jae Jung, June Young Choi, Ja Seong Bae, Joon Hwa Hong, Kee-Hyun Nam, Young Ki Lee, Hyeong Won Yu, Sujeong Go, Young Mi Kang, MASTER study group; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(3):574-581. Published online May 26, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.943

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268 Download
8 Web of Science
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Background
Postoperative thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression therapy is recommended for patients with intermediate- and high-risk differentiated thyroid cancer to prevent the recurrence of thyroid cancer. With the recent increase in small thyroid cancer cases, the extent of resection during surgery has generally decreased. Therefore, questions have been raised about the efficacy and long-term side effects of TSH suppression therapy in patients who have undergone a lobectomy.
Methods
This is a multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial in which 2,986 patients with papillary thyroid cancer are randomized into a high-TSH group (intervention) and a low-TSH group (control) after having undergone a lobectomy. The principle of treatment includes a TSH-lowering regimen aimed at TSH levels between 0.3 and 1.99 μIU/mL in the low-TSH group. The high-TSH group targets TSH levels between 2.0 and 7.99 μIU/mL. The dose of levothyroxine will be adjusted at each visit to maintain the target TSH level. The primary outcome is recurrence-free survival, as assessed by neck ultrasound every 6 to 12 months. Secondary endpoints include disease-free survival, overall survival, success rate in reaching the TSH target range, the proportion of patients with major cardiovascular diseases or bone metabolic disease, the quality of life, and medical costs. The follow-up period is 5 years.
Conclusion
The results of this trial will contribute to establishing the optimal indication for TSH suppression therapy in low-risk papillary thyroid cancer patients by evaluating the benefit and harm of lowering TSH levels in terms of recurrence, metabolic complications, costs, and quality of life.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Effect of thyroid-stimulating hormone suppression on quality of life in thyroid lobectomy patients: interim analysis of a multicenter, randomized controlled trial in low- to intermediate-risk thyroid cancer patients (MASTER study)
Ja Kyung Lee, Eu Jeong Ku, Su-jin Kim, Woochul Kim, Jae Won Cho, Kyong Yeun Jung, Hyeong Won Yu, Yea Eun Kang, Mijin Kim, Hee Kyung Kim, Junsun Ryu, June Young Choi
Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research.2024; 106(1): 19. CrossRef
Clinical impact of coexistent chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis on central lymph node metastasis in low- to intermediate-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma: The MASTER study
Da Beom Heo, Ho-Ryun Won, Kyung Tae, Yea Eun Kang, Eonju Jeon, Yong Bae Ji, Jae Won Chang, June Young Choi, Hyeong Won Yu, Eu Jeong Ku, Eun Kyung Lee, Mijin Kim, Jun-Ho Choe, Bon Seok Koo
Surgery.2024; 175(4): 1049. CrossRef
Dynamic Changes in Treatment Response af-ter ¹³¹I in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer and Their Relationship with Recurrence Risk Stratification and TNM Staging
璐狄
Advances in Clinical Medicine.2024; 14(03): 1083. CrossRef
ASO Author Reflections: Active Surveillance may be Possible in Patients with T1b Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Over 55 Years of Age Without High-Risk Features on Preoperative Examinations
Ho-Ryun Won, Eonju Jeon, Da Beom Heo, Jae Won Chang, Minho Shong, Je Ryong Kim, Hyemi Ko, Yea Eun Kang, Hyon-Seung Yi, Ju Hee Lee, Kyong Hye Joung, Ji Min Kim, Younju Lee, Sung-Woo Kim, Young Ju Jeong, Yong Bae Ji, Kyung Tae, Bon Seok Koo
Annals of Surgical Oncology.2023; 30(4): 2254. CrossRef
Outcomes and Trends of Treatments in High‐Risk Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Arash Abiri, Khodayar Goshtasbi, Sina J. Torabi, Edward C. Kuan, William B. Armstrong, Tjoson Tjoa, Yarah M. Haidar
Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery.2023; 168(4): 745. CrossRef
Current Controversies in Low-Risk Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Reducing Overtreatment in an Era of Overdiagnosis
Timothy M Ullmann, Maria Papaleontiou, Julie Ann Sosa
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2023; 108(2): 271. CrossRef
Age-Dependent Clinicopathological Characteristics of Patients with T1b Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Implications for the Possibility of Active Surveillance
Ho-Ryun Won, Eonju Jeon, Da Beom Heo, Jae Won Chang, Minho Shong, Je Ryong Kim, Hyemi Ko, Yea Eun Kang, Hyon-Seung Yi, Ju Hee Lee, Kyong Hye Joung, Ji Min Kim, Younju Lee, Sung-Woo Kim, Young Ju Jeong, Yong Bae Ji, Kyung Tae, Bon Seok Koo
Annals of Surgical Oncology.2023; 30(4): 2246. CrossRef
Potential impact of obesity on the aggressiveness of low- to intermediate-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma: results from a MASTER cohort study
Mijin Kim, Yae Eun Kang, Young Joo Park, Bon Seok Koo, Eu Jeong Ku, June Young Choi, Eun Kyung Lee, Bo Hyun Kim
Endocrine.2023; 82(1): 134. CrossRef
Differentiated thyroid cancer: a focus on post-operative thyroid hormone replacement and thyrotropin suppression therapy
Benjamin J. Gigliotti, Sina Jasim
Endocrine.2023; 83(2): 251. CrossRef
Thyroid stimulating hormone suppression and recurrence after thyroid lobectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma
Mi Rye Bae, Sung Hoon Nam, Jong-Lyel Roh, Seung-Ho Choi, Soon Yuhl Nam, Sang Yoon Kim
Endocrine.2022; 75(2): 487. CrossRef
The Concept of Economic Evaluation and Its Application in Thyroid Cancer Research
Kyungsik Kim, Mijin Kim, Woojin Lim, Bo Hyun Kim, Sue K. Park
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2021; 36(4): 725. CrossRef

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